文化冲突中的文化政治与政治文化--五四新文化运动与现代中国观念的生成

Cultural Politics and Political Culture in Cultural Conflict: The May Fourth New Culture Movement and the Formation of Modern Chinese Ideas

在文化哲学意义上,文化与政治的暧昧很容易形成文化政治与政治文化的纠缠。一个国家或地区的政治模式必然来自一种政治文化的设定,而一种政治文化的产生又源自其固有的文化传统。在其文化传统与政治文化之间,有一个过渡带,就是文化政治。基于中国现实与历史的双重思考,以陈独秀领衔的五四先驱从思想文化入手,开始了寻绎建构现代性民族国家的文化基石之路,他们以"舆论家"的身份从事文化运动,从知识建构到文化超越,从专注于西学知识的引进,到超越于西学知识进而上升为文化政治的运作与政治文化的建构。十月革命的炮响使得"一战"及巴黎和会后徘徊在十字路口的中国道路有了何去何从的集体面向,文化先驱从对西方文化的追慕与幻想转向俄国,从威尔逊到马克思、列宁的转变,充分预示着从资产阶级民主主义政治文化到无产阶级社会主义政治文化转型的时代即将到来。一个以马克思主义意识形态为引领的先进政治文化在20世纪20年代最终生根开花。

In the sense of cultural philosophy, the ambiguity of culture and politics can easily form the entanglement of cultural politics and political culture.The political model of a country or region must come from the setting of a political culture, and the formation of this political culture stems from its inherent cultural tradition. There is a transition zone between cultural traditions and political culture in this country or region, which is cultural politics.Based on the dual thinkings of Chinese reality and history, the May Fourth pioneers led by Chen Tuhsiu started with ideology and culture and began to find a way to construct the cultural foundation of a modern nation-state. They were engaged in cultural movements as"opinion makers", from knowledge construction to cultural transcendence, from focusing on the introduction of Western learning knowledge, to transcending Western learning knowledge and then rising to the operation of cultural politics and the construction of political culture.The artillery of the October Revolution gave a collective orientation to the China’s road that lingered at the crossroads after the First World War and the Paris Peace Conference.The transformation of admiration and fantasy of culture for cultural pioneers from the west to Russia, from Wilson to Marx and Lenin, fully heralded the era of the transition from bourgeois democratic political culture to proletarian socialist political culture. An advanced political culture led by Marxist ideology finally took root in the 1920s.