中国农业产业集聚与农业劳动生产率--基于275个城市数据的经验研究

Agricultural Industry Agglomeration and Agricultural Labor Productivity in China: An Empirical Study Based on Data from 275 Cities

农业产业集聚是指以某些农产品经营为核心的农户、企业在空间地理中的有机集聚,形成一个专业化和规模化的市场组织网络。目前鲜有文献探讨农业产业集聚对农业劳动生产率的影响。文章基于1999-2013年中国275个城市的面板数据,实证检验了中国农业产业集聚对农业劳动生产率的影响及其作用机制,研究发现:(1)中国农业产业集聚能够显著提高农业劳动生产率。农业产业集聚程度的上升和不同地区农业产业集聚程度的差异分别解释了农业劳动生产率提高的"快速性"和"异质性"。(2)农业产业集聚是通过农户层面的内部规模经济、产业层面的地方化经济和城市层面的城市化经济带来的规模报酬递增这一作用机制促进了农业劳动生产率的提高。(3)农业大市的农业产业集聚对农业劳动生产率提高的作用大于非农业大市。南方城市的农业产业集聚对农业劳动生产率提高的作用大于北方城市。文章为解决中国农业面临的挑战提供了一条可能的路径。

Agricultural industry agglomeration refers to the farmers whose business focus on certain agricultural products,and organic agglomeration of enterprises in spatial geography,forming a professional and large-scale market organization network. At present,there are few researches to discuss the influence of agricultural industry agglomeration on agricultural labor productivity. Based on the panel data of 275 cities in China from 1999 to 2013,this paper examines the effect of agricultural industry agglomeration on agricultural labor productivity and its mechanism. The research findings are:(1) China’s agricultural industry agglomeration can significantly improve agricultural labor productivity. The increase of agricultural industry agglomeration degree and the difference of agricultural industry agglomeration degree in different regions explain the"rapidity" and "heterogeneity" of agricultural labor productivity improvement respectively.(2) Agricultural industry agglomeration promotes the improvement of agricultural labor productivity through the transmission mechanism of the internal scale economy at the household level,the localization economy at the industrial level and the increasing returns to scale brought by the urbanized economy at the city level.(3) The effect of agricultural industry agglomeration on agricultural labor productivity is greater than that of non-agricultural cities;the effect of agricultural industry agglomeration on agricultural labor productivity in southern cities is greater than that in northern cities. This paper provides a possible way to solve the challenges faced by Chinese agriculture.