中国古代儒商发展历程和传统儒商文化新探

A New Study on the Development Course of Ancient Chinese Confucian Merchants and Traditional Confucian Merchant Culture

儒商虽然出现于春秋战国时期,但是直到明代中后期才出现意义与之相当的“儒贾(商)”和“(儒)士商”概念。儒商是以儒家思想作为经营管理准则和生活指导,有良好品德和专业知识,并在商业经营上取得成就的商人。中国古代儒商和儒商文化的发展经历了三个阶段:春秋战国时期儒商初步形成,儒商文化随之出现;宋代儒商得到新生,儒商文化开始复兴;明清时期儒商发展走向兴盛,儒商文化成为主流商业文化。传统儒商文化是中国古代儒商把儒家思想与商品经济法则相整合所形成的经营理念、管理思想、行业准则和行为规范,主要包括六个方面的内容。传统儒商文化为当代儒商文化建设提供了宝贵的思想资源。

Although Confucian merchants appeared in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,it was not until the middle and late period of the Ming dynasty that they came to resemble the concepts of Confucian merchants.The Confucian merchants were the successful merchants who took the Confucianism as the management criterion and the life guidance,had the good moral character and the specialized knowledge.The ancient Confucian merchants and their culture experienced three stages of development:in the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States Period,Confucian merchants and their culture appeared;in the Song dynasty,Confucian merchants and their culture began to revive;during the Ming dynasty and Qing dynasty,the development of Confucian merchants was prosperous,and their culture became the mainstream commercial culture.The traditional Confucian merchant culture integrated Confucianism with the principles of commodity economy and formed its commercial philosophy,management thought,industry standard and code of conduct.Traditional Confucian merchant culture provides important ideological resources for the construction of contemporary Confucian merchant culture.