行政决策风险评估主体机制研究

Research on Subject Construction of Government Decision-making Risk Assessment

行政决策风险评估是防范和化解因决策失误或不当引发的社会风险的重大制度变革,属于社会治理体制的重大创新。从主体构成来看,现阶段的行政决策风险评估主要是由行政机关主导和控制的。这一方面具有一定的合理性,确保了政府决策时权力和责任的统一,另一方面这种自评的弊端也是非常明显的,其独立性、客观性和正当性易受到质疑。从科学与民主的需求出发,需建构一种以政府为主导、多元主体共同参与的评估主体机制,各级政府部门应成为行政决策风险评估的主导力量而非主控力量,同时突出公众、非政府组织及法院等主体在行政决策风险评估中功能的发挥,从而增强政府行政决策的科学性和正当性。

Government decision-making risk assessment mechanism is a major institutional transformation in preventing and resolving social risks by the improper government decision-making.As for subject construction,the paper holds that the current subject framework of“government-control model”can not guarantee the legitimacy and objectivity of evaluation process and results.Adhering to scientific and democratic approach,the proper subject model the paper suggested is government leading model.In this model,government should play a leading role while doesn’t control everything,the function of non-government,such as the public and NGOs would be obtained sufficient attention,and judicial review to the governments’risk decisions could constrain the discretion effectively.