小学全科型卓越教师的内涵、特征与培养路径

The connotation,challenge and training path of excellent general practice teachers in primary schools

儿童的认知世界并无学科之分,在启蒙教育阶段实施综合性养成教育,可以更好帮助儿童从立体的生活世界过渡到具有整体图式的认知世界,全科型卓越教师的提出与素养教育的现实诉求相契合。儿童认知规律和国内外全科教师研究都表明,小学全科型卓越教师的本质内涵不是能胜任全部科目的教学,而是能否遵循儿童认知发展规律,有效整合各学科知识,并具备设计和实施这类整合性课程教学的能力,更好促进儿童品性的发展。但是,目前小学全科型卓越教师的培养在教师教育的课程体系和师资队伍中都还存在若干挑战。可从师资队伍建设、课程与教学改革和增强职业吸引力三个路径入手,探索小学全科型卓越教师的有效培养。

The excellent teachers of general subjects in primary schools are in line with the development needs of children.Because children’s cognitive world is not divided into disciplines,the implementation of nurturance education in the stage of enlightenment education can better help them to gradually transition from a three-dimensional life world to a cognitive world with an overall schema,while general excellent teachers can more effectively implement nurturance education.The law of children’s cognitive development and research at home and abroad show that the essence of excellent general subject teachers in primary schools does not mean that they are competent in all subjects of teaching,but whether they can follow the law of children’s cognitive development,effectively integrate the knowledge of various subjects,and have the teaching ability to design and implement such integrated courses,so as to better promote the development of children’s character.However,there are still challenges in the training of excellent general practice teachers in both the curriculum system and the teaching staff.We can explore the cultivation of excellent general practice teachers in primary schools from three aspects:the construction of teaching staff,the reform of curriculum and teaching,and the enhancement of professional attraction.