“一证式”排污许可证实施的法经济学分析

Legal and Economic Analysis on the Implementation of“One Permit”Pollutant Discharge Permit System

当前我国实施"一证式"的综合性排污许可证制度改革虽然有效地提高了行政管理效率,但在具体实施中出现了"一刀切"执行问题,影响了环境污染排放治理绩效,乃至危及民生。深入分析管制者的成本效益逻辑、管制者和被管制者之间的博弈、以及排污许可政策的公共选择,可以发现一刀切实施的经济动因。要根除一刀切模式,同时改进排污许可证实施效率,应从命令控制型手段主导渐次过渡到可交易的排污许可证,从政府集中管制主导渐次过渡到国家治理主导,从环境政策主导渐次过渡到环境法治主导。

Although the reformation of Comprehensive Pollutant Discharge Permit System effectively improved the efficiency of administrative management,the problem of one-size-fits-all appeared in the concrete implementation,which impacted on environmental pollution emission control performance,even endangered people’s livelihood.By analyzing the controller’s cost-benefit logic in depth,a game between a regulator and a regulated,and public option for emission permit policy,the economic motivation of one-size-fits-all implementation can be found.To eradicate the one-size-fits-all model,improve the performance of environmental pollution discharge control,and improve efficiency of pollutant discharge permits implementation,there should be a gradual transition from a command-and-control approach to tradable permits,from the government centralized control leading gradually to the national governance leading,from environmental policy leading gradually to environmental rule of law leading.