9份雄性不育苎麻农艺性状和纤维品质及结实能力分析

Analysis of Agronomic Characters,Fiber Quality and Fruiting Ability of 9 Male Sterile Ramies

在利用苎麻雄性不育材料时,需要明确其基本农艺性状、与父本花期相遇、开花结实能力及后代生长发育等情况。雄性不育系的选育和研究是苎麻杂种优势利用的关键基础。本研究采用隶属函数法分析了9份雄性不育苎麻种质的农艺性状、纤维品质和结实能力,结果表明:弯子苎麻和黄小叶的农艺性状优势明显。弯子苎麻在头麻、二麻、三麻年均纤维细度都达到2000公支以上,显著高于其他种质,高抗花叶病但耐旱性中等。9份种质都可天然结实,黄小叶结实能力最高,达到150 g/蔸,弯子苎麻的结实能力中等,为47 g/蔸。园青5号的千粒重最高,达到0.11 g,弯子苎麻的千粒重为0.08 g。红圆麻和园青5号的发芽势明显高于其他种质,分别达到了36%和29%,弯子苎麻发芽势为15%。综合分析弯子苎麻农艺性状和纤维品质俱佳,结实能力中等,发芽势尚可,可作为杂种优势利用的首选亲本。

In the process of utilizing ramie male sterility, it is necessary to clarify the basic agronomic characters, synchronization of flowering, fruiting ability and the growth and development of offspring in ramie male sterile materials. Therefore, the selection and research of male sterile lines in ramie is the key basis for heterosis utilization in ramie. The agronomic traits, fiber quality and fruiting ability of 9 male sterile ramie germplasms were evaluated using the subordination function method in this study. The "Wanzizhuma"and "Huangxiaoye" male sterile germplasms of ramie showed obvious advantages in the basic agronomic characters. The annual average fiber fineness of "Wanzizhuma" reached more than 2,000 Nm in the period of first, second and third ramie, which was significantly higher than other germplasms, and it had high resistance to mosaic disease but moderate drought resistance. All 9 germplasms could bear fruit naturally, "Huangxiaoye" had the highest fruiting ability, reaching 150 g/plant, and "Wanzizhuma" had medium fruiting ability, reaching 47 g/plant. The 1000-grain weight of "Yuanqing 5 "was the highest, reaching 0.11 g, while "Wanzizhuma" was only 0.08 g. From the germination potential, "Hongyuanma" and "Yuanqing 5" was significantly higher than other germplasms, reaching 36% and 29%, respectively, while that the germination potential of "Wanzizhuma" was only 15%. From the above analysis, it can be concluded that the agronomic traits and fiber quality of "Wanzizhuma" are excellent, its fruiting ability is medium, and its germination energy is acceptable, so it can be used as the preferred parent for heterosis utilization.