当事人平等原则解释论功能的再认识

Re-recognition of the Interpretation Function of the Principle of Equality of Parties

宣誓化的法条表述及解释论的欠缺,导致当事人平等原则在我国功能的虚无化。民事诉讼中的当事人平等原则应具有多义性。形式当事人平等原则立足于自我责任原理,侧重在宏观层面维护保障当事人主体地位的诉讼两造结构,实质当事人平等原则旨在恢复双方当事人现实能力与地位的实质平等,但其并非对自我责任原理及当事人主义的否定或解构。在我国当下,面对职权进行主义、促进诉讼义务、法院释明权、真实义务、事案解明义务、证明责任分配特殊化等一系列以强化法院职权介入与当事人义务为表征的制度及理论,若简单地以民事诉讼公共性或社会性为解释论根据,有可能使我国民事诉讼体制复归职权主义模式,若以提升司法效率为出发点,也易于侵害当事人的程序权利,因此须激活当事人平等原则的解释论功能厘清上述制度的定位与运行界限。

The oath of law and the lack of hermeneutics led to the nihilization of the principle of equality of the parties in our country.The principle of equality of parties in civil proceedings should be ambiguous.The principle of formal party equality is based on the principle of self-responsibility and focuses on maintaining the litigation and two-practice structure that protects the subject's subjective status at a macro level.The principle of substantive party equality is intended to restore the actual equality and actual status of the parties.The negation or deconstruction of party theory.In our country,facing a series of systems and theories characterized by strengthening the court's power intervention and the party's obligations,such as the implementation of authority,the promotion of litigation obligations,the right of interpretation of the court,the true obligation,the obligation to explain the case,and the special distribution of the burden of proof.Simply based on the publicity or sociality of civil litigation as a basis of interpretation,it is possible to revert to the authoritarian model of China's civil litigation system.If the starting point is to improve or improve judicial efficiency,it is also easy to infringe the party's procedural rights.Therefore,the principle of party equality must be activated.The function of hermeneutics clarifies the positioning and operating boundaries of the above system.