工艺矿物学在地质冶金学中的应用及问题

Application and Difficulties of Process Mineralogy in Geometallurgy Modeling

地质冶金学是基于矿山绿色高效生产实践发展起来的新兴学科,其核心内容是统筹地质、采矿、选矿、冶金及环境等多门学科为矿业开发服务。工艺矿物学由于其与各专业的相关性紧密,且研究方法直观简单,逐步成为地质冶金学建模中的优势学科。工艺矿物学研究样品采集数量少,但又能代表矿床的变化规律。将工艺矿物学参数作为划分矿化域,实现分采分选的依据,可实现矿产资源节能高效的综合利用。工艺矿物学参数中矿物含量和元素赋存状态可以直接参与模型估值,而嵌布粒度和共生关系表征的是一个统计的组合信息,组合信息需要拆分估值然后进行配比矫正,是参数模拟中的难点,亟待深入研究。样品的工艺矿物学参数是一个空间的点参数,点参数扩展为空间的体参数就是常说的参数模拟。参数模拟方法日新月异,常见的方法有最近距离法、距离幂指数反比法、普通克里金法和多元回归法等,选择适当的方法进行工艺矿物学参数模拟是地质冶金学建模的重要内容。

Geological metallurgy is a newly developed subject based on the practice of green and efficient mine production.Its core porpose is to provide overall planning for the mining development involving geology,mining,beneficiation,metallurgy and environment.Process mineralogy,owing to its intuitive and simple research methods,has gradually made it a dominant subject in geological metallurgy modeling.The study of process mineralogy requires a small number of samples to be collected,but it represents the variation of the deposit.The process mineralogy parameters can be used as the basis to divide the mineralization area and realize the separate mining and separation,and finally,to realize energy-saving,efficient and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources.The research results of process mineralogy,such as mineral content and the element occurrence state,can be directly used in model evaluation.While the disseminating size and relationship between minerals represent a statistical combination of information.The common method is to split the combined information and then perform the ratio correction,which is the main difficulty in parameter simulation and needs to be further studied.The process mineralogy parameter of the sample can be considered as a spatial point parameter.The point parameter expansion into the spatial body parameter is often referred to as parameter simulation.The parametric simulation method is developing rapidly.Common methods include the nearest neighbours method;the Inverse power exponent distance method;the ordinary kriging method;and the multiple regression method.Selecting the appropriate parametric simulation method for process mineralogy is one of the important contents of modeling.