长江流域生态环境治理的瓶颈及对策分析

Analysis of Bottlenecks and Countermeasures of Ecological Environment Governance in Yangtze River Basin

长江流域生态环境治理是长江大保护的重点任务之一.中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会以来,长江流域各地区生态环境治理工作取得了显著的进展,但在流域的数据感知和评价、制度保障、管理支撑、科技创新驱动、工程治理等方面仍存在不足.借鉴国外流域治理经验,长江流域生态环境治理应通过构建法治化、专业化、智能化的高效治理体系,打造共建共管共享的流域治理新格局,实现流域生态环境质量持续改善.结果表明,结合长江流域生态环境治理特征和调研分析,提出通过强化长江大保护法律制度建设和顶层设计,建立合理有效的治理评价体系;以企业为主体,创新科研研发模式,并推动成果转化和应用;发挥大数据的智能化和应用价值,推动大数据和人工智能等技术手段在治理中的应用;既注重流域层面的系统治理又兼顾区域层面的差异化治理,促进长江流域生态系统治理,促进长江流域生态环境质量持续改善.研究显示,强化制度建设、拓宽融资渠道以及利用大数据智能化促进高新技术的推广应用和工程治理效益的提升,是突破长江流域生态环境治理瓶颈的对策.

Ecological environment governance of the Yangtze River Basin is one of the most important tasks in Yangtze River protection.Significant progress has been made in improving the ecological environment of the Yangtze River Basin after the 19th CPC National Congress. However,there are still deficiencies in the river basin of data perception and evaluation,system guarantee,management support,technology innovation drive,and project governance. Drawing on foreign experience in river basin governance,the ecological environment governance of the Yangtze River Basin should be based on the establishment of a legal,professional,intelligent and efficient governance system to create a new pattern of co-management and sharing of river basin governance to achieve continuous improvement in the quality of the river basin’s ecological environment. Based on the characteristics and investigation and analysis of ecological environment governance in the Yangtze River Basin,this paper proposed to establish a reasonable and effective governance evaluation system by strengthening the legal system construction and top-level design of the Yangtze River protection,taking enterprises as the main body,innovating research and development models,promoting the transformation and application of results,leveraging the intelligence and application value of big data,promoting the application of big data and artificial intelligence technologies in governance,take into account system governance at the river basin level and differentiated governance at the regional level,promoting the governance of the Yangtze River Basin ecosystem and the continuous improvement of the ecological environment quality of the Yangtze River Basin. This study shows that strengthening system construction,widening financing channels,using big data intelligence to promote the popularization and application of high and new technology,and to improve engineering efficiency are the countermeasures to break through the bottleneck of ecological environment management in the Yangtze River Basin.