一流学科评价探析:基于教育生态学的视角

On the Evaluation of First-class Disciplines from the Perspective of Educational Ecology

一流学科建设是国家积极应对世界高等教育发展潮流,提升我国高等教育核心竞争力,建设教育强国的重大战略决策,具有深远的历史意义。科学合理、切合中国学科发展实际的一流学科评价对于一流大学的建设发展将起到巨大的推动作用。一流学科生态系统与自然生态系统有着共同的产生机理、运行机制、生存规则、演化规律。因此,用教育生态学的视角去探究一流学科评价的理论、方法和实践,具有可行性。从遗传的角度看,一流学科评价要注重其历史价值;从变异的角度看,要凸显一流学科的时代特色;从学科主体与环境的关系看,要强调一流学科与环境的多元共生;从根植中国学科传统的现实看,要构建一流学科的自我评价体系。

The construction of first-class disciplines is a major strategic decision of the country to actively respond to the development trend of world higher education, to enhance the core competitiveness of China’s higher education, and to build a powerful education country. The scientific and reasonable evaluation of the first-class discipline will play a great role in promoting its development. The first-class discipline ecosystem and the natural ecosystem have a lot in common in production mechanism, operation mechanism, survival rules, and evolution rules. Therefore, it is feasible and valuable to explore the theory, method and practice of first-class disciplines evaluation from the perspective of ecology of education. From the perspective of heredity, the evaluation of first-class discipline should pay attention to its historical value;from the perspective of variation, we should highlight the times characteristics of first-class disciplines;from the relationship between subject and environment, we should emphasize the multi-symbiosis between first-class disciplines and environment;from the perspective of the reality rooted in Chinese discipline tradition, we should build a self-evaluation system of first-class disciplines.