从“股份两合”到“股份有限”:聚兴诚银行组织制度的变革

From“Joint-Stock System”to“Joint Stock Limited System”—The Reform of the Organizational System of Young Brothers Bank

股份两合制度是近代中国最为重要的公司制度之一。1914年1月14日,北京政府公布新的《公司条例》,把公司类型定为“无限公司”“股份有限公司”“两合公司”“股份两合公司”四种形态,使得股份两合公司首次具备了法律地位。1915年杨氏家族在重庆成立聚兴诚银行,是近代为数不多采用股份两合制度的银行,具有典型意义。本文以聚兴诚银行为例,从家族内部关系和外部冲击等方面深入考察其股份两合制度的演变过程,对于我们认识近代公司制度具有重要意义。

Joint stock company is one of the most important company systems in modern China.On January 14,1914,the Beijing government promulgated the new“company regulations”,which defined the types of companies as“unlimited company”,“joint stock limited company”,“joint liability company”and“joint stock company”,which made the joint stock company have the legal status for the first time.In the year of 1915,the Young Brothers Bank was established by Young’s family in Chongqing,which serves as the representative of few banks in modern society of China who adopted the joint-stock system.Based on the cases of Young Brothers Bank,the author has carried out an in-depth investigation of the evolution of the joint-stock system from the perspective of the interaction of family relationship,external environment and the development of banking system,which laid great significance on the understanding of modern enterprise system.