草根学者的良知学实践--以明嘉靖至万历年间的安福学者为例

Grassroots Confucians’ Practice of Theory of Conscience: a Case Study of Anfu Confucians in Reigns from Jiajing to Wanli in the Ming Dynasty

明代嘉靖至万历年间安福县人数众多的草根阳明学者,虽无科举功名,却是阳明学在地方社会传播的主力。他们由讲学、研磨心性而扩展至教化乡族,参与地方公益事业,进而协助官府参与地方社会治理。作为阳明学者的乡绅自我认同的角色是"乡人之心",他们的讲学和化乡活动是以"万物一体"的济世理想和责任作为精神动力,对地方社会秩序的平稳运行起到长久的、潜移默运式的"风教"影响。

In the Jiajing and Wanli period of the Ming dynasty,numerous grassroots Yangming scholars from Anfu County without any merits in imperial examinations became the main force of the promotion of the Yangming theory at the parochial level.They expanded from lecturing and spiritually cultivating themselves to civilizing rural people to participate in developing local public welfare undertakings,and then to undertake social governance by assisting the local government.As the squire of Yangming scholars,they identify themselves as as"the heart of the villagers."Their lectures and other activities in the countryside are driven by the spirit and responsibility of"unity of all things,"which have exerted a longlasting and latent influence on smooth operation of local social order.As the squire of Yangming scholars,their regarded self-identified role as"the heart of the villagers."Their lectures and acitivities in the countryside which are driven by the spirit of"the unity of all things,"as a kind of spiritual education,exerted latent influence on the smooth operation of local social order for a long time.