印度种姓政治:历史、现状和未来——以北方邦为例

Caste Politics in India: History, Current Status and Future—Taking Uttar Pradesh as an Example

种姓政治深刻影响着印度国内政治。印度人口最多的北方邦是全印种姓政治最为典型的邦之一,是多支低种姓群众运动的发源地,产生了两个政治势力强大的种姓政党——大众社会党和社会主义党。种姓政治在北方邦一个多世纪的发展和演变大体可以分为发端期、成形期、强盛期和式微期四个阶段。种姓政治的发展有其内在局限性,加之印度人民党国族认同理念迅速扩张,种姓政治进入了衰退状态,但种姓领袖及其派系拥有的政治能量仍然不可小觑。

The caste politics has a profound influence on Indian politics. As a typical showcase of caste politics, Uttar Pradesh has produced two powerful caste-based parties, i.e., Bahujan Samaj Party and Samajwadi Party. Caste politics in Uttar Pradesh has evolved from its originating period, to the forming period, the peak period and the declining period. The inherent limitations in caste politics and the rapid spread of Bharatia Janata Party s national identity has resulted a recession of caste politics in Uttar Pradesh. However, the political influence of caste leaders and their factions cannot be underestimated.