从农业大县、世界工厂到湾区都市--东莞城市四十年

From the Agricultural County to the World Factory and to the City of the Greater Bay Area: The Forty Years Development of Dongguan City

改革开放四十多年以来,东莞凭借临近香港的区位优势,以廉价的土地和全国的剩余劳动力吸纳国际资本,通过构筑具有全球竞争力的低成本产业区而成为"世界工厂",创造了用外源型产业推动经济发展、以农村集体土地推动工业化的"东莞模式"。长期依赖以香港为跳板的外源经济"招商引资"推动经济发展,塑造了东莞外向性、扁平化的市域城镇空间格局,在金融危机后又开始成为深圳的工业郊区。然而东莞的城市规划长期只关注中心城区。国土空间规划编制必须回应粤港澳大湾区一体化的要求,通过"湾区都市、品质东莞"推动市域空间结构的优化、产业结构的升级。

After forty years of Reform and Opening-up, by virtue of its geographical advantages of being close to Hong Kong, Dongguan has absorbed international capital with cheap land and surplus labor in China, becoming the "World Factory" by building a low-cost industrial zone with global competitiveness. It has created the "Dongguan Model" of promoting economic development with exogenous industries and promoting industrialization with rural collective. The promotion of economic development has a long-term dependence on external economy with Hong Kong as the springboard for investment promotion and capital introduction, which has shaped an urban spatial pattern with externality and flatness. Since the financial crisis, Dongguan has become the industrial suburb of Shenzhen. However, Dongguan’s urban planning has only focused on the central urban area for a long time. The compilation of territory spatial planning shall respond to the requirements of the integration of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, through the construction of "A Quality City of the Greater Bay Area", and the optimization of the spatial structure shall be promoted and the industrial structure be upgraded.