天人相映与传神写照--《世说新语》中“人物品藻”的审美趣味

Reflection between Man and Nature and Vivid Portrayal of Characters:Aesthetic Taste of Characters Review in Shishuo Xinyu

以自然喻人的人物品藻是《世说新语》中重要的人物品评方式。通过自然物和人的相互比拟,可以看出此时对自然物的欣赏范围扩大化,同时也说明了对人之美的评定不再囿于道德、阶级等因素,而囊括了容貌、气度、风姿等形体性和精神性的因素。对人之美和物之美的欣赏是不可分割的,在《世说新语》中通过画面性的文字表达了两者共同的审美特质。同时这种人物品藻显示出了一定的审美倾向,它特别赞赏的是和自然更为亲和,具有隐逸风度的士人。此种清高、淡泊的精神气度也演化成为后世文人多所追求的人生理想。

In Shishuo Xinyu, the most important method of character review is to use the natural things metaphor of man. By comparing human with nature, we found the range of natural appreciation was broadened in this period. Meanwhile, human were not only judged by the morality or the social rank, but also by the appearance, generosity, manners and so on. The character review method is "picture speaking", it is by portraying human and natural object images, the mutual appreciation about beauty of human and natural objects can be achieved. Furthermore, it expresses the aesthetic taste that appreciated more on those who had a deep affinity with nature. The spirit of self-contain becomes a fashionable worldly ideal of the literati to follow.