环保目标对环境治理效果的影响--基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

Impact of Environmental Protection Goals on Environmental Governance Effects:Empirical Analysis Based on Chinese Provincial Panel Data

目标管理责任制作为科层治理的常用工具,是由上级制定总方针与考核奖惩的规则内容,自上而下对目标的层层分解,并在上下级之间签订责任书,通过责任书中的指标体系进行结果考核,最终实现目标的管理过程。以2006-2015年省级面板数据为基础,分析了环保目标对环境治理效果的影响。研究发现:我国环保目标责任制的实施能显著改善约束性污染物的排放量,但对非约束性主要污染物而言,工业废水的治理效果会比工业废气更显著。进一步说明,目标管理责任制在科层制中的运用从具体领域到全局泛化、从主观评价到更客观量化、从问责威慑到监管加强,体现出管理工具逐渐刚化收敛的治理趋势。在未来的科层治理中,应该革新目标管理责任制的激励与问责、优化考核指标体系并理性运用考核结果。

Objective management responsibility production is a common tool of bureaucratic governance. It consists of a general policy and assessment rules for rewards and punishments formulated by the superiors. The objectives are decomposed from top to bottom. Responsibilities are signed between upper and lower levels. The index system in the book is a management process that evaluates the results and finally achieves the goals. Based on provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, this paper studies the impact of environmental protection goals on environmental governance effects. The study found that the implementation of China’s environmental protection target responsibility system can significantly improve the discharge of binding pollutants, but for non-binding major pollutants, the treatment effect of industrial waste-water will be more significant than industrial waste gas. To further explain, the application of the target management responsibility system in the bureaucracy system ranges from specific areas to globalization, from subjective evaluation to more objective quantification, and from accountability deterrence to strengthening supervision, which reflects the governance trend of management tools becoming more rigid. In the future bureaucratic governance, the incentive and accountability of the target management responsibility system should be reformed, the evaluation index system should be optimized, and the evaluation results should be used rationally.