浮萍植物的应用价值及综合开发利用

Application Value and Comprehensive Utilization of Duckweed

浮萍科植物生长速度快,富含生物蛋白质和淀粉,具有较高的氮磷、有机物和重金属的吸附转移能力。浮萍作为一种新型环境及能源植物,逐渐受到广泛关注,而前人对浮萍在农业生产上尤其是与水稻共生互作方面的研究较少且存在争议。因此,笔者综述了浮萍在植物修复、饲料加工、能源生产及药用价值等方面的研究概况和应用前景,为更全面地开发浮萍植物提供参考。

Duckweed is a new environmental and energy plant and gradually receives public attention.Duckweed plants grow fast,and is abundant in biological protein and starch with a high capacity of adsorption and transfer of nitrogen and phosphorus,organic matter and heavy metals.Duckweed is well reported to be used not only as a phytoremediation agent with good effect and low cost,but also as raw materials for feed and bio-energy,while a little research is documented on duckweed in agricultural production like paddy rice in their symbiosis and synergism.Some researches showed that duckweed had different influences on paddy rice in different growing seasons,had an inhibitory effect on rice rejuvenation at the transplanting stage and at the tillering and joint stage,and could inhibit the volatilization of ammonium nitrogen(NH4+)in the paddy field,which was beneficial to rice growth and yield.The research and development of duckweed as phytoremediation agent,feed,energy and medicine were reviewed,and prospects of comprehensive utilization of duckweed and research of duckweed in paddy field were proposed.