普同塔:朴素生态观念下催生的僧人葬制研究

Putong Tower:Research on the Funeral System of Monks Created with the Simple Ecological Concept

隋唐时期,僧人逝后建塔安葬相沿成习,墓塔越来越多。到了宋代,云居元祐禅师等看到这种趋势愈演愈烈的情况,指出"山川有限,而人死无穷,百千年之下,塔将无所容"。这是古人在朴素生态观念下,对人的生存环境的关注。在此观念下,云居元祐禅师提出了"普同塔"之制,得到了大多数僧人的支持和认可,影响深远,由此开创了僧人新的塔葬制度。

In Sui and Tang dynasties, monks built the tower to bury themselves after death and, after this gradually became a custom, the tomb towers were built more and more on earth. In Song dynasty, when Chan master Yunyuan You saw this situation become quite serious, he pointed out that "the landscape is limited while people will have endless death, and after thousands of years there will be no earth to build the towers." This is the concern of ancient people on human being’s existence environment under their simple ecological notion. With this idea, Yunyuan You raised his proposition of "Putong tower", which got the support and approval of most monks, and with far-reaching influence, the new system of tower burial for monks was created since then.