底部空气柱装药爆破减振理论和实验研究

Research on blasting vibration reduction theory and experiment of bottom air column charging

为降低大型露天矿山爆破振动对周边构筑物的影响,采用底部空气柱装药结构爆破减振技术。通过公式推导,找出岩石爆破中质点峰值振动速度和装药结构轴向不耦合系数的关系式。采用底部空气柱装药水下爆炸实验,研究峰值压力、冲量、比冲击波能与空气柱长度之间的关系。结果表明,空气柱长度增加,可提高能量利用率,降低峰值压力,有效降低爆破振动。在舟山绿色石化二期矿山开采爆破工程中,当填塞长度、装药量相同时,通过底部空气柱长度递减的对比实验,采用逐孔爆破技术可清楚得出底部空气柱装药结构能够有效降低爆破振动。

In order to reduce the impact of blasting vibration on surrounding structures in large-scale open-pit mines,blasting vibration reduction technology with bottom air column charging structure is adopted.The relationship between the peak vibration velocity of the particle in the rock blasting and the axial decoupling ratio of the charging structure was found by formula derivation.The underwater air column charge experiment was carried out to study the relationship between peak pressure,impulse,and specific shock wave energy with air column length.The results show that energy utilization rate is increased,peak pressure is reduced and blasting vibration is effectively reduced with the increase of air column length.In the Zhoushan Green Petrochemical Phase II mining blasting project,when the length of plugging and the charge are the same,through the comparative test group of decreasing length of the bottom air column the hole-by-hole blasting technology clearly shows that the bottom air column charging structure can effectively reduce blasting vibration.