双向FDI协同与制造业出口竞争力升级:理论机制与中国经验

Two-way FDI coordination and export competitiveness upgrading of manufacturing industry: theoretical mechanism and Chinese experience

提高制造业出口竞争力是加快培育制造业竞争新优势的内在要求。在自由资本模型的基础上,具体探讨了双向FDI协同溢出效应影响制造业出口竞争力的理论机制,并运用多种计量模型以2004-2016年中国大陆30个省级行政区域为研究对象,进行了实证检验。研究表明:双向FDI的协同发展能够显著促进制造业出口竞争力的提升,且这一积极影响通过研发要素区际流动呈现出明显的空间关联特征,形成了"本地-邻地"的空间互动发展合力。在考虑不同形式的空间权重矩阵以及可能存在的内生性问题后,结果依然具有稳健性。进一步的中介机制检验表明,双向FDI的正向协同作用通过技术优势培育效应和产业转型优化效应进行传导,在东中部地区和西部地区表现出明显的区域异质性。同时,上述中介机制存在非线性的门槛效应,在技术转化能力和产业技术结构水平较高时,双向FDI协同对制造业出口竞争力升级具有更为显著的影响。结论深化了对双向FDI与制造业出口竞争力间复杂关系的认识和理解,为协调"引进来"与"走出去"有序发展以及推进新时代制造业强国建设提供了经验支持与政策启示。

Improving the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry is the internal requirement of accelerating the cultivation of new competitive advantages of manufacturing industry. Based on Footloose Capital Model,this paper discusses the theoretical mechanism of the synergistic spillover effect of two-way FDI on the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry,and empirically tests 30 provincial administrative regions in Chinese mainland from 2004 to 2016 with various econometric models. The study finds that the collaborative development of two-way FDI can significantly promote the export competitiveness of manufacturing industry,and this positive impact shows obvious spatial correlation characteristics through the interregional flow of R&D elements,forming a "local neighborhood " spatial interactive development force. After considering different forms of spatial weight matrices and possible endogeneity,the results are still robust. The further intermediary mechanism test shows that the positive synergy of two-way FDI is conducted through the cultivation effect of technological advantage and the optimization effect of industrial transformation,which shows obvious regional heterogeneity in the east central region and the west region. At the same time,the above-mentioned intermediary mechanism has a non-linear threshold effect. When the technology transformation ability and the level of industrial technology structure are high,the twoway FDI coordination has a more significant impact on the upgrading of manufacturing export competitiveness. The conclusion of this paper deepens the understanding of the complex relationship between two-way FDI and manufacturing export competitiveness,and provides experience support and policy enlightenment for coordinating the orderly development of IFDI and OFDI and promoting the construction of manufacturing power in the new era.