人工智能技术对专利制度的挑战与应对

The Challenge and Response of AI Technology to Patent System

人工智能在专利发明创造领域参与程度逐渐深化,对现行的专利法带来诸多挑战。一是人工智能算法的可专利主题。因人工智能算法看似与传统的数学算法一致而被视为“智力活动的规则和方法”,尽管存有争议,但从专利法促进新技术发展和“与时俱进”的时代使命出发给予其专利保护是较为务实的做法。二是人工智能时代的专利审查标准。针对传统专利性判断标准已在人工智能时代失灵,适当调整“专利三性”,确立适合于人工智能专利的“新三性”标准。三是人工智能生成发明权利主体的界定。在人为因素仍作用的弱人工智能时代,可以基于专利法中“二元主体结构”,承认人工智能作为发明人的资格,同时将专利权赋予人工智能开发者或管理者。四是人工智能专利侵权认定。在人工智能专利侵权责任承担主体上采取动态区分规则:区分人工智能不同的发展阶段;区分不同阶段人类介入因素的作用;区分不同阶段不同主体对侵权结果的作用等。

The participation of artificial intelligence in the field of patent invention has gradually deepened,which has brought many challenges to the current patent law.The first is the patentable subject of artificial intelligence algorithms.Because artificial intelligence algorithms seem to be consistent with traditional mathematical algorithms,they are regarded as"rules and methods of intellectual activity."Its patent protection is a more pragmatic approach.The second is the patent examination standard in the era of artificial intelligence.Aiming at the failure of traditional patentability judgment standards in the age of artificial intelligence,the"patent three natures"should be appropriately adjusted to establish the"new three sex"standards suitable for artificial intelligence patents.The third is the definition of the subject of artificial intelligence generating invention rights.In the era of weak artificial intelligence where human factors still play a role,based on the"dual subject structure"in patent law,artificial intelligence is recognized as an inventor's qualification,while the patentee is given to the artificial intelligence developer or manager.The fourth is the identification of artificial intelligence patent infringement.Dynamic differentiation rules are adopted on the subject of artifi cial intelligence patent infringement liability:different stages of development of artifi cial intelligence;different roles of human intervention factors at different stages;different roles of different subjects at different stages on infringement results.