南宋进书仪探析——以圣政为例

An Analysis of the Book Submitting Ritual in the Southern Song Dynasty:A Case Study of Shengzheng

南宋时,圣政修纂完毕后,须进呈皇帝和太上皇。在进呈过程中,宋廷制定了一套庄严肃穆而又极其烦琐的仪式。进呈皇帝之仪在皇帝和大臣处理日常政务的垂拱殿中完成。进呈给太上皇帝之仪在太上皇帝居所完成。在迎奉圣政和皇帝赴太上皇帝居所的环节中,秘书省道山堂和祥曦殿成为与进呈仪式紧密相关的空间。圣政的进呈仪式是由太上皇帝、皇帝、臣僚面向公众共同完成的两场表演,这种可视化表演具有浓厚的象征意义:对皇帝而言,是向天下臣民宣示自己总结和继承先朝的政治遗产,开启本朝的治道,并且以自身的实践教化臣民,传递"孝"的理念,倡导"孝";对臣僚而言,通过仪式表演,表达了他们致君"贤能"的愿望。圣政这种史籍的进书仪式为我们考察南宋官修史籍进书仪式提供了一个典型案例。

In the Southern Song Dynasty,after the revision of it,Shengzheng(圣政)should be submitted to the emperor and the emperor’s father.The Song Dynasty made a set of solemn and complicated rituals for the process.The ritual of submitting it to the emperor was conducted in the Chuigong Palace(垂拱殿)where the emperor and his ministers handled daily affairs.The ritual of submitting it to the emperor’s father was done in the emperor’s father residence.In the process of welcoming Shengzhengand the emperor going to the residence of his father,the Daoshan Hall(道山堂)and the Xiangxi Palace(祥曦殿)became the space closely related to the ritual of submitting.Shengzhengsubmitting ritual was a public performance which was accomplished by the emperor’s father,the emperor and officials.The visual performance had a strong symbolic meaning:for the emperor,he showed the people that he summed up and inherited the political heritage and started the path of this dynasty.He spread the concept of"filial piety",advocated"filial piety"and educated his people by practicing"filial piety".For the officials,it was an expression of their desire of"sage"to the emperor through the ritual performance.The submitting ritual of Shengzheng provides a typical case for us to investigate the rituals of submitting historical records into the official history books in the Southern Song Dynasty.