论列宁与伯恩施坦关于社会主义实现路径的思想差异

On the Differences between Lenin's and Bernstein's Socialist Approaches

基于资本主义社会的新变化及恩格斯逝世前对无产阶级斗争策略的反思,伯恩施坦以资本主义议会民主制的发展完善为基点,力图修正无产阶级原有的斗争方式以实现资本主义向社会主义的和平过渡。列宁在总结资本主义发展形势的同时批驳了伯恩施坦的这一理论,并结合俄国特定的历史条件和现实情况,探索出一条东方落后国家向社会主义过渡的正确道路,丰富和发展了马克思恩格斯关于社会主义实现路径的理论。二人对社会主义实现路径的探索反映出当时东西方在社会主义问题上的两种不同看法,对他们的观点进行比较研究具有一定的理论意义和现实启发。

Based on the new changes in the capitalist society and Engels'reflection on the strategies of proletarian struggle before his death,and taking the development and perfection of the capitalist parliamentary democracy as a base point,Bernstein tried to revise the original fighting way of the proletariat so as to realize the peaceful transition from capitalism to socialism.Lenin criticized Bernstein's theory while summarizing the development of capitalism.While summing up the development situation of capitalism,Lenin refuted Bernstein's theory,and in combination with the specific historical conditions and practical conditions of Russia,explored a correct way of transition from backward eastern countries to socialism,which enriched and developed Marx and Engels'theory of socialist realization path.Their exploration of the path to socialism reflects two different views on socialism at the time,and a comparative study of their views has a theoretical significance and practical inspiration.