留守儿童的虐待风险及其治理策略研究

Left-behind Children's Abuse Risk and Its Governance Strategy

2016年以来我国政府陆续出台了专门的留守儿童保护政策以防控其虐待风险,那么当前留守儿童的虐待风险如何?虐待形成的创伤是否严重?虐待的成因是否得到了有效控制?本研究试图利用基于四川省Z市1 245名被访者的实证调查来回答上述问题。研究得出了三个结论:一是各类被调查儿童的虐待风险整体上较为严峻,双亲留守儿童的忽视率比普通儿童高18.8%~25.8%,单亲留守儿童的精神虐待率同比高17.4%~22.1%,而两类留守儿童遭受复合虐待的比例也同比高15.2%以上。二是虐待会导致各类儿童出现明显的心理问题与行为问题,每提升1个单位的虐待强度就会增加0.23~0.24个单位的抑郁度和0.25~0.62个单位的行为问题,留守儿童尤其是双亲留守儿童并未表现出比普通儿童更强的创伤适应性,"变色龙本性"和"伙伴群"的理论解释在中国数据中并未能得以证实。三是留守儿童与普通儿童的虐待成因有所差异,父母的抑郁性人格对于普通儿童的受虐风险具有预测力,婚姻冲突的外溢与暴躁性人格则对留守儿童的虐待防范威胁最大,而"压力释放"及"暴力循环"等学理解释则相对较弱。我国政府应增强留守儿童保护政策的落实能力,提升虐待创伤干预的专业性和制度化水平,积极纾解留守家庭的婚姻冲突。

Since 2016,the Chinese government has successively issued some specialized left—behind children protection policies to control the risk of ab u se,so what is the current abuse risk of left—behind children? Is the traum a of abuse for left-behind children severe?Are the causes of abuse under policy control?This study attempts to answer the above questions based on an em pirical survey of 1245 respondents in Z city,Sichuan province.The study found three conclusions:(1)The risk of child abuse of the surveyed children was notable,the neglect rate of children with parents out is 18.8%~25.8%higher than that of ordinary children,and the emotional abuse rate of children with one parent out is 17.4%?22.1% higher than that of ordinary ch ild ren,while the proportion of multiple abuse of left behind children is also more than 15.2%higher than that of ordinary children.(2)Child abuse will lead to obvious psychological problems and more bad behaviors,every 1 unit increase in abuse intensity will increase depression by 0.23?0.24 units and behavior problems by 0.25-0.62units,meanwhile left-behind ch ild ren,especially left-behind children with two migrating p arents,do not show stronger trauma adaptability than ordinary ch ild ren,therefore the theoretical explanation of“chameleon nature”and“peer affiliations”has not been confirmed in Chinese data.(3)The causes of left-behind child ren's abuse are different from those of ordinary children,the depressive personality of parents can predict the risk of abuse of ordinary ch ildren,whereas the spillover of marital conflicts and irritable personality pose great pressure on the prevention of left-behind children s abuse,howeve r,the academic explanations of “stress release”and“violence bread violence”are relatively weak.The study suggests that the Chinese government should strengthen the implementation ability of the protection policy for left-behind children,improve the professional and institutionalized level of abuse traum a intervention,and actively relieve the marital conflicts of left-behind families.