差序与等级:民国时期拉萨的城市空间与人居

Order and Grade:Urban Space and Human Habitat in Lhasa in the Period of the Republic of China

位于青藏高原上的拉萨,气候、地理环境复杂,社会条件特殊,加之传统社会中各阶层的政治、社会地位、经济实力等多有不同,造成个体或群体的居住环境差别悬殊。从城市内外、僧俗之间两个方面来看,民国时期拉萨城市人居环境开始发生变化,在建筑材料、居住样式、空间和格局等方面多有反映。然而,由于海拔、气候、交通等条件的制约,西藏社会形态未能发生整体改变,拉萨城市人居环境的变化十分有限,仅体现在一些局部方面和部分群体身上,城市人居环境整体呈现出"差序性"和"等级性"的双重特点。

Lhasa is located on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,with complicated climate and geographical conditions,as well as special social conditions,plus the differences among all classes in the traditional society in terms of political and social status,and economic strength;in such circumstances have created sharp differences among individuals or people groups in respect of living environment.From two aspects,namely between the inside and outside of the city,and between monks and ordinary folks,the urban human settlements began to change in Lhasa in the period of the Republic of China,which can be found in such aspects as building materials,patterns,space and styles of human settlements.However,restrained by the conditions such as altitude,climate and transportation,Tibet failed to undergo overall changes in terms of social formation,thus a very limited change in the urban living environment.Only in some local parts and people groups have the dual features of order and grade manifested entirely in the urban living environment.