湖南战国楚地贵族墓葬出土玉器黑色水银沁现象再研究

Another Study on the Black Impregnation Phenomena Called“Mercury Seeps”in Some Jades Unearthed from the Tombs of Chu Region Hunan in Warring States Period

战国墓葬出土的部分玉器存在黑色沁现象(有别于齐家文化及清代玉器提油做成的黑色沁),俗称黑漆古"水银沁",是否存在玉器"水银沁"现象?通过对湖南省博物馆藏4件战国贵族墓葬出土玉器的科技检测分析及实验室模拟实验研究认为:黑漆古水银沁现象与汞(Hg)元素有着必然的联系,古人称其为"水银沁"有一定道理。再结合周代高级别墓葬(芮国、叶家山、三门峡虢国墓地、晋侯墓地等)大量使用红色朱砂作为丧葬习俗而随葬玉器没有黑漆古水银沁现象可知(玉器多附着有红色朱砂),"水银沁"的形成不是红色朱砂(HgS)所为,而清代徐寿基、民国刘大同所言"古三代"用水银作为殓尸材料而在玉器上形成水银沁的说法有逻辑依据。本研究通过历时三年半的实验室模拟研究,进一步确认了是黑色硫化汞(HgS)浸入玉器内部,形成了黑色汞元素沁色,而非金属汞单质浸入玉器内部,也非红色硫化汞朱砂(HgS)形成黑漆古"水银沁"。

There are black impregnation phenomena called"mercury seeps"in some jades unearthed from the tombs of warring states period,but not including jade from Qijia Culture and Qing dynasty.Whether there are"mercury seeps"phenomena of jades?We have tested 4 pieces of jades unearthed from the Chu’s noble tombs of warring states period in Hunan provincial museum by XRF method and laboratory simulation study.And we believe that there truly exists the phenomena of black impregnation,which has a positive connection with the Hg element,thus the name of"mercury seeps"is reasonable.Combined with the funeral customs of the high level tombs of Zhou Dynasty,such as Ruiguo,Yejiashan in Hubei,Guo state tombs in Sanmenxia,cemetery of marquis of Jin state.These tombs using mounts of red cinnabar as funerary objects,but all the jades unearthed from above tombs have not the phenomenon of black"mercury seeps"we can know that the formation of"mercury seeps"is not because of red cinnabar(HgS).However the arguments of Xu Shouji and Liu Datong that"mercury as a kind of funerary object maybe connected with the formation reason of mercury seeps"have certain rationality.In this study,we conduct a laboratory simulation experiment lasting for three and a half years.And we have the following conclusion:The black Hg S is dipped in the inside of the jade,creating a black mercury element,and it’s not the metallic mercury element immersed in the jade or red mercury which creat black"mercury seeps".