美国国家非裔美国人历史和文化博物馆设计解析

An Analysis about the Design Concept of the National Museum of African American History and Culture

作为美国首都华盛顿在21世纪最受瞩目的新建博物馆,美国国家非裔美国人历史和文化博物馆从地理位置、建筑本体、展览叙事和展陈设计等多个方面,为我们提供了一个以博物馆为弱势族群构建身份认知、弥合社会矛盾的积极尝试。博物馆如何通过一段负面的历史促进正面的和解,如何在宏大叙事中关注个体情感,如何为现实的社会问题从过去的经验里找到对应的答案,成为美国国家非裔美国人历史和文化博物馆建筑设计、形式设计和内容设计的主要诉求。通过对这一典型案例的细节解析,我们可以更加清楚地认识到博物馆不仅仅是存放记忆的历史盒子,而应该成为一个允许态度和争论存在,从而为现实提供指导意义的公共空间。

As the most impressive new museum in Washington D.C of United States in this century,the National Museum of African American History and Culture offers us an ambitious attempt of building identity cognition and bridging social conflicts,in aspects of the location,construction,narration and display.The museum’s design concept serves its main purpose of promoting a positive reconciliation through a negative history,caring individual experience in a grand narrative with distinctive topics,and looking for answers from the realistic social issues through the past.By analyzing its design concept,we can recognize that a museum should be a sharing space permitted with the existence of attitudes and arguments,and it also can be supposed as guidance to the present,instead of the historic box of memories.