汉代谶纬界对“河图”“洛书”概念的重整——兼论“汉无河图”通说中《河图赤伏符》的官方定位

Conceptual Reorganization of“Hetu”and“Luoshu”by the Chenwei Realm in the Han Dynasty——With Concurrent Focus on the Official Positioning of Hetu Chifu Fu in the Popularly Accepted“Non-Existence of Hetu in Han”

汉代谶纬语境中的所谓“河图”“洛书”,均有古今之分、“本文”与“演文”之分,其中,“演文”中又有正文与解辞之分。因此在“河图篇目,已甚繁复”的时代语境下,在《河图赤伏符》官方意识形态的笼罩下,仍不妨碍汉代时儒有着“方今无河图”的公论,因为《河图赤伏符》实被划归为“为汉赤制”的孔圣所增演转述之作。“洛书”更值得关注的是在“图”“书”并出、“河”“洛”并言的配对关系中作为迁就方的被动性。“洛水所出丹书”与“黄河录图之书”被理解为“洛书”的一体两面,前者尚属对等,后者已见主次,遑论降格的“假驱”之说。兼之谶纬文献中的“洛书”与“河图”有较大的共通性、混同性,可以说“洛书”委实缺乏明确的自我。

When it comes to the context of Chenwei(Divination in combination with Mystical Interpretation of Confucianism)in the Han Dynasty,the two cosmological diagrams,namely Hetu(The River Chart)and Luoshu(The Inscription of the River Luo),reveal textual differences in aspects ranging from ancient versions to contemporary ones,and from unannotated original versions to derivative works.Within derivative works,there are texts extracted from the original work as well as elaborations including annotations and supplemental additions.Therefore,despite the widely-recognized numerosity of Hetu works during Han Dynasty and the official status of the ideology reflected in Hetu Chifu Fu(The Red Hidden Tally of the River Chart),Confucian scholars in the Han Dynasty still came to conclude that“Hetu has not existed in Han.”This is because Hetu Chifu Fu could in fact be subsumed as a derivative work by Confucius who‘laid down a system for Han Empire in recognition that it was destined to rule’deified as an augury suggesting the legitimacy and vitality of the Han Empire.What is worth noticing about Luoshu is its passivity status,namely,as a counterpart to Hetu within a dichotomous relationship yet in a subordinating capacity.The record of Luoshu as the‘imperial edict written in red by the River Luo’and that of it being‘the book of Hetu’were construed as its two facets,with the former exhibiting an equivalent status while the latter has indeed reflected a subordinating one,not to mention the assertion downgrading it as an indication of pseudo-mandate.Coupled with its considerable degree of commonality and homogeneity with Hetu in extant literature,it is fitting to say that Luoshu lacks a clear self-identity.