论杜甫古体诗的内容新变

On the New Changes in the Content of Du Fu’s Classical Poems

杜甫古体诗歌共计277首,内容与个人生平遭际联系紧密,但杜甫是一个胸怀人民、胸怀天下的士人,遭遇又非同寻常地富有时代特征,故其相对私人化的内容里仍然包含了非常丰富的社会信息。相对于魏晋南北朝时期的古体诗主要以献诗、咏史、招隐、咏怀、赠答、行旅等而言,杜甫古体诗的内容更加广泛,反映的社会生活更加深入:记时变、述志向、讽时政、哀民生、赞英良、呼唤普世爱心等均有涉及,这是杜甫古体诗对前代古体诗内容的重要突破。

Du Fu’s ancient poems total 277,and much of the content is closely related to his personal life.However,Du Fu is a scholar with a broad mind and a sense of caring for humanity,whose life experiences mirror the characteristics and changing ethos of the times.Reading into his personalized creations,though,one could easily discern abundant social information underlying much of his work.Compared with the classical poems in the Wei,Jin,and Southern and Northern Dynasties,which were mainly themed upon eulogies,historical events or personages,life in reclusion,expression of heart-felt feelings,reciprocal engagement,traveling experiences,et cetera,Du Fu’s classical poems,however,are imbued with a wider range of topical contents,shedding more light on social life in an in-depth manner.Documenting chronological changes,venting personal aspirations or ambitions,satirizing current affairs,lamenting the people’s livelihood,extolling men of merit and virtue,advocating universal benevolence,et cetera,can all find their best expression in Du Fu’s poems,representing an important breakthrough in the contents of his classical poems in comparison with those of previous generations.