宋代玻璃工艺发展及其与西方艺术的交流

Research on the Development of Glass Technology and the Communication with Western Art in Song Dynasty

文章通过对中国玻璃(琉璃)发展历史的梳理,论述宋代玻璃器发展的三个特点,从士大夫的审美与追求、科学技术的封锁与传承、资源的限制与竞争、海上贸易的繁荣与冲击以及饮茶习惯的改变等五个方面对宋代国产玻璃工艺发展受限的原因进行分析。随着西亚玻璃器、玻璃原料的大量输入,融合西方文化和东方艺术风格的国产玻璃器出现了,而宋瓷的大量输出则对西亚玻璃器、瓷器以及欧洲的工艺美术产生了深远影响。宋代玻璃工艺的发展历史充分表明,传播与交流是艺术发展的必由之路,只有相互学习与借鉴,人类艺术文明才能够前进。

Based on the analysis of the development history of Chinese glass,this paper discusses the characteristics of the development of glass ware in Song Dynasty,and analyzes the reasons for the limited development of domestic glass technology in Song Dynasty from five aspects:the aesthetic and pursuit of scholar officials,the inheritance and blockade of science and technology,the limitation and competition of resources,the prosperity and impact of maritime trade,andthe change of tea drinking habits.At the same time,with the large-scale input of glassware and glass raw materials in West Asia,there have been domestic glassware integrating Western culture and Oriental art style,while the large-scaleoutput of song porcelain has a profound impact on glassware and porcelain in West Asia and European arts and crafts.The history of the development of glass technology in Song Dynasty fully shows that communication and exchange are theonly way for the development of art.Only through mutual learning and reference,can we promote the progress of human art civilization,which is of great significance to understand the relationship between Eastern and Western art.