高原高寒地区灾害现场生存保障装备体系构建

Construction of living and safety support equipment system of systems at disaster sites in alpine and cold regions

为保障高原高寒地区灾害现场人员生命安全,推进装备体系建设,借鉴军事领域武器装备体系构建思路并结合我国应急装备发展现状,提出生存保障装备体系构建方法,分析生存保障装备体系边界和现状、保障对象、保障任务和目标能力,构建装备体系框架并归纳了体系评估指标。结果表明:应急救援人员作为重要的保障对象,应结合使命任务和保障规模,多方面论证其在灾害现场的生存保障需求;高原高寒地区灾害现场的安全风险主要来源于气候环境和自然灾害,为有效应对这些风险,应重点考虑宿营、饮水、紧急医救、动力增效等15项目标能力,以及环境条件、灾害类型等2项能力维度要素;体系方案评估应重点考虑体系整体指标、结构指标和组成指标,确保装备体系满足当前生存保障需求和未来装备发展需要。

In order to ensure life safety at disaster sites and promote construction of equipment system of systems in alpine and cold regions,a construction method was proposed by borrowing ideas from military field and analyzing current situation of emergency equipment in China.With this method,boundary and status quo of living and safety support equipment system of systems,demand objects,support tasks and target capabilities were analyzed,framework was constructed,and key indicators for evaluation were concluded.The results show that emergency rescue workers are the important demand objects and their living and safety support requirements should be clearly demonstrated by considering support tasks and scale.Safety risks in alpine and cold regions mainly come from its plateau climate environment and natural disasters,and in order to control these risks,fifteen target capabilities,such as camping,drinking water,emergency medical rescue,and efficient transportation,as well as two influencing factors named as"environmental conditions"and"disaster types"should be given priority.For evaluation of programs,focus should be put on entirety,structure and composition indicators to ensure that equipment system of systems can meet current and future equipment requirements.