考虑社会关系影响的小学生疏散行为研究

Study on evacuation behaviors of primary school pupils considering social relations

公共场所中小学生人群是一种具有高伤亡风险特征的典型群体。为探究小学生应急疏散行为特征,定量化分析社会关系对小学生疏散追随行为的影响,面对不同年级小学生群体开展楼梯疏散试验,耦合社会网络分析等方法,将学生群体常态社会关系网络和应急疏散追随关系网络可视化,提出社会关系对人员疏散追随行为影响度和应急疏散领导者的计算方法。结果表明:社会关系对小学生人员疏散追随行为的影响程度与其年龄和性别有关,对高年级小学生影响大于其对低年级小学生的影响。小学生群体领导者更容易在男性同学中产生。相同人数下,高年级小学生较低年级小学生更容易产生领导者。小学生疏散领导者部分来自常态意见领袖,个体的运动速度和人格特征影响其是否成为领导者。

The primary school pupils in public places are a kind of groups with high risk of casualties.In order to explore the characteristics of evacuation behaviors of primary school pupils,and to analyze the influence of social relations on their followership behaviors in emergency quantitatively,evacuation experiments were carried out for different grades of primary school students.The social network in normal and the followership network in emergency evacuation of students were created and visualized by introducing social network analysis methods.The new methods to calculate influence of social relations on students’followership behavior and to extract the leader during evacuation were proposed.The results show that the influence of social relations on followership behavior of primary school pupils is related to their age and gender,and the influence on high-grade pupils is greater than that on lower-grade pupils,that male pupils are more likely to become leaders,and more leaders may emerge among the lower-grade pupils compared to high-grade pupils by the same amounts,that part of the leaders in emergency are same to opinion leaders in normal circumstance,and that the movement speed as well as personality characteristics of individuals are factors influencing whether he could be a leader.