寒温带落叶松林优势乔木叶和茎及根的性状特征

Characteristics of leaves,stems and roots of dominant trees in Larix gmelinii forest in the cold temperate zone

植物功能性状与环境变化及其适应机制是生态学研究的热点话题.植物功能性状可反映植物在长期进化过程中对不同环境条件、适合度或生产力的适应.本文对寒温带兴安落叶松林的优势木本植物的茎、叶等植物功能性状进行了测定,并同步测定了温度、湿度、地形、土壤和雪被等环境因子,结果表明,寒温带地区兴安落叶松和白桦的叶面积、比叶面积都呈现出一定的规律性.两种乔木的一年生小枝的生物量都与根的平均生物量直接相关,其中白桦的一年生小枝的生物量分别与林下雪被的雪水当量和5~10 cm的土壤含水量直接相关,其他环境因子与一年生小枝的生物量无直接相关性.以杜鹃-落叶松林为代表的根性状研究结果表明,根的生物量不仅与自身的其他植物性状(如叶、茎)直接相关还与外界的环境因子密切相关.同时表明,落叶松的细根性状可与土壤温度、土壤含水量、土壤碳氮比以及海拔高度等环境因子产生间接的影响.

Plant functional traits and environmental changes and their adaptation mechanisms are hot topics in ecological research.Plant functional traits can reflect the adaptation of plants to different environmental conditions,fitness or productivity during long-term evolution.In this paper,the functional traits of the stems,leaves and roots of dominant woody plants in the Larix gmeliniii forest in the cold temperate zone were measured,and the environmental factors such as temperature,humidity,topography,soil and snow were measured simultaneously.The experimental results showed that the cold temperate zone,the leaf area and specific leaf area of L.gmelinii and Betula platyphylla have certain patterns|the biomass of annual branchlets of both trees is directly related to the average biomass of roots,and the biomass of annual branchlets of B.platyphylla and the snow water equivalent of the snow is directly related to the soil water content of 5–10 cm.The other environmental factors are not directly related to the annual branch biomass.The root traits of the Rododendron-L.gmelinii forest are not only directly related to other plant traits(such as leaves and stems),but also directly related to external environmental factors.It is indirectly affected by environmental factors such as soil temperature,soil water content,soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and altitude.