水通道蛋白对动物机体健康影响研究进展

Advances in research on the effects of aquaporins on animal health

水通道蛋白(aquaporins,AQPs)是一种重要的跨膜通道蛋白,在动物机体不同组织器官(脑、肝脏、肾脏、肠道等)中先后被发现,并具有特殊生物学功能.研究表明,AQPs不仅承担着动物机体内水和部分小分子物质的运输,而且在动物腹泻、便秘、应激和免疫等方面也发挥着关键作用.目前,关于AQPs的研究主要集中于对AQPs结构功能的挖掘,用敲除小鼠构建AQPs缺失模型并探讨其对人类机体健康的作用机制,以及AQPs对畜禽健康作用效应的探讨.本文主要综述了近年来AQPs对动物机体健康影响的研究进展,特别是对畜禽健康的营养调控策略进行了前景展望.同时结合生物信息学的方法预测畜禽与鼠AQPs基因和蛋白的同源性,以期为AQPs在动物营养研究及科学应用上提供理论参考.

Aquaporins(AQPs)are an essential transmembrane channel protein and have been discovered in many different tissues(e.g.,brain,liver,kidney,and intestine)in animals and serve many specialized biological functions.Research shows that AQPs not only carry the transport of water and other small molecules in animals,but also play a crucial role in diarrhea,constipation,stress,and immunity.Currently,the research about AQPs mainly focuses on the excavation of the water channel structure and function.Additionally,researchers are using knockout mice to construct a channel protein deletion model to explore its mechanism of action on human health as well as exploring the impact of AQPs on livestock health.This paper reviews research progress on understanding AQPs in animal health,especially the impact of aquaporin on livestock health and its nutritional regulation.We also present a bioinformatics method that was used to predict the homology between livestock,poultry,and mouse AQPs genes and proteins.This research provides a theoretical reference for AQPs in animal nutrition research and scientific application.