乡村振兴背景下“行政村”的性质转型与治理逻辑——以湘、粤等地村民自治“基本单元”的改革为例

Nature Shift and Governance Logic of“Administrative Village”under the Background of Rural Revitalization A Study on Reform of“Basic Unit”in Hunan and Hubei Villager Autonomy

不同性质的基本单元需要不同的治理逻辑。由于受特定的历史社会条件的制约,当前作为村民自治基本单元的"行政村"处于"行政性质、自治运转"的矛盾状态,抑制了乡村治理的有效性。乡村振兴战略实施后,许多地方政府采用单元"上移"或"下沉"的方法来改变单元性质及其治理形态。其中,"单元上移",是强化国家对基本单元的控制,使国家资源更集中、高效地投入,"单元下沉",是国家将基本单元的划定权让渡给社会,以此激活社会资源的自我供给能力。但是单一的基本单元始终无法满足实施乡村振兴战略对强化公共服务、激活社会自治的多重需求。因此,需要打破传统单一的基本单元观念,建立复合单元理念,实现单元的灵活设定和治理资源的多元供给。

Basic units of different natures have different governance logic.At present,the scope of the administrative village as the basic unit of villager autonomy is determined by the state.The governance resources of the administrative village are provided by the state-led.Therefore,basic unit is in a state of administrative nature but autonomy operated.All of this inhibited the effective realization of rural governance.After the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy,a large number of local governments try to change the unit’s nature and its governance form by"moving up"or"sinking"the unit.Among them,"unit up"lies in strengthening the state’s control over the basic unit,so that the national resources more concentrated and efficient input.However,"unit sinking"is the state to transfer the delimitation power of the basic unit to the society,so as to activate the self-supply capacity of social resources.However,a single basic unit can not meet the dual needs of rural revitalization to strengthen public services and activate social autonomy.Therefore,it is urgent to break the basic unit concept of the traditional single unit and establish the concept of multi-type,multi-layer composite basic unit.