唯物辩证法与实践辩证法之辩--马克思主义辩证法探析

Materialistic Dialectics or Practical Dialectics:An Analysis of the Marxist Dialectics

当前我国学界出现了一种以实践辩证法取代传统教科书上的唯物辩证法的情形,唯物辩证法遭遇挑战。为了澄清马克思主义辩证法是唯物辩证法而非实践辩证法,一方面,必须明确马克思是将黑格尔的唯心主义辩证法倒立在唯物主义的基石上,而非"实践辩证法"派论者所主张的"实践";另一方面,必须认清马克思主义辩证法是包含了整个自然界的辩证法,不仅仅涵盖"实践辩证法"派论者推崇的"人化自然"辩证法,而且同样涵盖了其忽视或鄙弃的"自在自然"辩证法。马克思主义辩证法是一种科学的世界观,而唯物辩证法并非与实践辩证法水火不容,前者是后者的前提和基础。

At present,there is a trend in the academic circles in China to replace materialistic dialectics as taught in traditional textbooks with practical dialectics,a great challenge for the former. In order to make clear that the Marxist dialectics is a materialistic rather than practical dialectics,on the one hand,it must be pointed out that Marx puts Hegel’s idealistic dialectics on the cornerstone of materialism rather than that of practice;on the other hand,it must be recognized that the Marxist dialectics is a dialectics that encompasses the entire natural world,including nature on its own,which is neglected by advocates of the practical dialectics,rather than covers only the humanized nature as they believe. In fact,Marxist dialectics is a scientific world outlook,and materialistic dialectics is not incompatible with practical dialectics. The former is the premise and foundation of the latter.