养老设施空间分布及可达性研究——以杭州市主城区为例

Study on Spatial Distribution and Accessibility of Elderly Care Facilities:A Case Study of the Main City of Hangzhou

随着我国老龄化程度加剧,发展养老服务势在必行。精准地分析评价养老设施的现状有助于进一步指导养老资源的合理配置。基于GIS技术,运用核密度分析和两步移动搜索法等方法,从多维度对杭州市主城区养老设施的现状进行研究,重点分析对比单一有效服务阈值和按规模区分有效服务阈值两种情境下的可达性。结果表明:杭州市主城区养老设施类型规模配比上需要调整;其在空间上呈现出北多南少的分布格局,与主城区的老龄人口密度分布契合度不高;按照养老设施规模划分不同层级的分析方法更适用于杭州市主城区养老设施的空间可达性评价。未来要重视老龄人口的养老需求,构建多层级的养老设施体系,提升边缘地区养老设施的可达性。

Developing elderly care services can alleviate the pressures and challenges brought about by the aging of China’s population.Accurately evaluating the current status of elderly care facilities will help to further guide the rational allocation of old-age resources.Based on GIS technology,this article uses kernel density analysis and two-step floating catchment area method to study on the current situation of elderly care facilities in the main city of Hangzhou,focusing on the comparison of the accessibility between the single effective service threshold and the service radius by size.The results show that the elderly care facilities in the main urban area of Hangzhou need to be adjusted in the type scale.Moreover,there is a distribution pattern of more in the north and less in the south,which is not consistent with the density distribution of the elderly population in the main urban area.Finally,the analysis method of classifying different levels according to the scale of elderly care facilities is more suitable for the spatial accessibility evaluation of the old-age facilities in the main city of Hangzhou.In the future,the government should pay more attention to the needs of the elderly population,build a multi-level elderly care facility system,and improve the accessibility in peripheral areas.