烟酒致癌物致口腔细胞恶性转化的研究进展

Advances in research on the malignant transformation of oral cells caused by tobacco and alcohol carcinogens

肿瘤的形成至少包括起始、促进和进展3个阶段,其过程复杂且存在众多影响因素。其中致癌物能与DNA、RNA和蛋白质等多种细胞成分反应,使基因异常现象持续累积,诱发或促进肿瘤形成。环境致癌物比人工合成的化学致癌物更能准确体现人类口腔癌发生发展过程中涉及的细胞和分子的变化。吸烟与饮酒是口腔肿瘤的常见危险因素,烟草中的苯并芘、N-亚硝基降烟碱和酒精源性乙醛是常见的明确环境致癌物,主要通过代谢活化体现致癌性,在科研中被用于构建恶性转化模型,来研究危险因素作用下正常细胞向肿瘤细胞恶性转化发生的机制,有助于发现关键靶点,并提出更有针对性的防治策略。

The process of carcinogenesis can be divided into three stages:initiation,promotion,and progression.This complex process can be influenced by several factors.For example,carcinogens can initiate or promote tumor formation by reacting with cellular components,such as DNA,RNA,and proteins.This results in the accumulation of genetic abnormalities.Compared with synthetic chemical carcinogens,environmental carcinogens more accurately reflect the changes in cells and molecules that are linked with the process of human oral cancer.Smoking and drinking are common risk factors for oral cancer.Further,benzo(a)pyrene and N’-nitrosonornicotine found in tobacco and alcohol-derived acetaldehyde are common environmental carcinogens.These compounds are carcinogenic after metabolic activation.They are widely utilized in carcinogenesis models to study the mechanisms of malignant transformation associated with different risk factors,identify key targets,and propose more targeted prevention and treatment strategies.