1949-1956年中国科技领导体制探析

An Analysis of China’s Leadership System of Science and Technology in 1949-1956

新中国成立后,以何种组织形式和方法领导科学工作是当时党和政府面临的一个重要问题。中国科学院作为“主管国家科学事业的政府职能部门”和“全国科学领导中心”,探索建立了专门委员制度、专业工作委员会和学部制度,逐渐确立了在新中国科学事业中的学术领导地位。全国科联是自然科学各专门学会的联合组织,是中国科学院进行学术领导的“群众基础”。中宣部科学(卫生)处和政务院文化教育委员会是党和政府领导中国科学院工作的主要机构,其中中宣部科学(卫生)处在实际工作中发挥了更为重要的作用。

After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,how to organize and the way to lead the scientific work was an important issue facing the Party and the Government.As a“functional department of the Government in charge of national science”and“the leading center of national science”,the Chinese Academy of Sciences has explored to establish the special committees system,the professional working committees and the academic departments system,gradually established its academic leadership position in New China’s scientific cause.The National Federation of Science was a joint organization of special societies of natural sciences and the“mass base”for the academic leadership of Chinese Academy of Sciences.The Science(Health)Department of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee and the Culture and Education Commission of the Government Administrative Council were the main organs to lead the Chinese Academy of Sciences work by the Party and the Government,in which the Science(Health)Department of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee had played an even more important role in practical work.