企业开放式研发创新初探及对中国油气企业的启示——壳牌、华为和洛克汽车的研发体系建设

A discussion on corporate open innovation and enlightenment for Chinese oil&gas companies—The development system of Shell,Huawei and Local Motors

壳牌、华为和洛克汽车公司研发体系各不相同,在研发组织结构、研发计划和经费安排、研发流程管理、外部协同研发方面各有特色,也有共同点:总部统一管控,研发资源高度集中;业务需求驱动,研发机制高效协同;运用市场化机制,有效转化研发成果;积极推进开放式创新,外部协同助力技术研发。这些特点能够集中内外部各种资源推进技术研发工作,促进科技研发成果的高效应用和转化。中国油气企业应该更加注重企业开放式研发创新,优化科技资源配置,实行优势互补以降低研发成本和风险,同时提高研发成功率和科技贡献率。建议油气企业总部科技管理部门对公司研发资源加强管控力度,对研发经费和队伍实行统一管控和统一调配;改变研发项目计划由研发部门主导的现状,由业务部门和研发部门根据市场业务需求,共同制定研发计划;根据企业自身业务需求,建立较为完备的外部协同研发项目体系。

Shell,Huawei and Local Motors have different R&D systems with their own characteristics and similarities respectively in terms of R&D organizational structure,R&D plan and funding arrangement,R&D process management,and external collaborative R&D,including unified control by headquarters and highly concentrated research and development resource,the highly-efficient R&D mechanism of business demand driven,the effective transformation of research and development results via market mechanism,the active promotion of open innovation,and the external collaboration helping the development of technology.They can concentrate both internal and external resources to accelerate R&D work,and promote efficient application and transformation of R&D results.China’s oil and gas companies should pay more attention to open R&D innovation,optimize the allocation of scientific and technological resources,adopt complementary advantages to reduce R&D costs and risks,and improve R&D success rate and technological contribution rate.This paper suggests that headquarters’technology management department should strengthen control of all R&D resources,unify control and allocation of internal R&D funds and teams,change the current situation that R&D project plan is dominated by R&D department and the R&D plan should be formulated by both business department and R&D department according to the market business demand instead,and build perfect external collaborative R&D project system based on their own business development demand.