“果”的概念空间语义图

The Conceptual Space of“Guo(果)”from Semantic Maps

“果”是古汉语中一个具有多功能语法形式的词语,其多功能性主要体现在句法功能、概念功能、语用功能与通假功能上。从句法功能来看,古汉语中的“果”词性多样,具备名词、动词、形容词、副词、连词五种词性。从概念功能来看,每种词性下的“果”又体现出不同的词义、具备不同的表达作用。从语用功能来看,“果”能够进行“深究”“料定”“假设”“真值确认”“补充确认性解说”。从通假功能来看,“果”的通假字至少有五个。古汉语中的“果”集众多功能于一身并非偶然现象,各功能间存在着某种语义关联。语义地图理论是近年来处理语言中多功能语法形式的有效工具,构建“果”的历时动态的概念空间,可以展现“果”语义演变的先后关系。

“Guo(果)”is a multifunctional gram in ancient Chinese with various usages and meanings,which mainly presents in terms of grammatical functions,conceptual functions,different pragmatic usages and its various interchangeabilities of other Chinese characters.When it comes to the usages of grammar,“Guo(果)”in ancient Chinese has at least five different parts of speech as noun,verb,adjective,adverb and conjunction.When present as one part of speech,it contains various lexical meanings.While adverb“guo(果)”to some degree equals“really”“indeed”“on earth”“finally”and other adverbs.From the perspective of pragmatic usages,it presents“to predict”“to suppose”“to explain”and so on.It is not fortuitous that“guo(果)”is equipped with so many functions stated above,and those different usages of“guo(果)”has some connections based on semantic relations.Semantic map model is effective in dealing with the question,therefore this paper intends to reveal the semantic relations of“guo(果)”by drawing its conceptual space.