汉语义位“宽”“窄”历史演变比较研究

A Contrastive Study on the Historical Evolution of the Glossemes“Kuan(宽)”“Zhai(窄)”in Chinese

依照词汇语义学理论,通过定性与定量相结合的方法,考察汉语义位“宽”“窄”在各历史阶段词位的使用、更替情况,并对义位“宽”“窄”的历史演变过程进行比较。义位“宽”的语料规模远大于义位“窄”,义位“窄”的演变过程更为稳定。义位“宽”的发展始于下位义场[-横向/两边]义场,下位义场[+横向/两边]表现出对[-横向/两边]义场的依附性,主导词位经历了“广→阔→广/宽”的更替。义位“窄”的发展始于下位义场[+横向/两边],下位义场未体现出依附性,主导词位相对稳定,经历了“狭→狭/窄”更替。义位“宽”“窄”的演变并未同步、同模式进行。

Based on the semantic field,this paper establishes the semantic field of“kuan(宽)”and“zhai(窄)”.According to the theory of lexical semantics,through the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods,we investigate the use and replacement of Chinese glossemes“kuan(宽)”and“zhai(窄)”in various historical stages,and then compare the historical evolution of the glossemes“kuan(宽)”and“zhai(窄)”.In the process of research,we find that the corpus size of glosseme“kuan(宽)”is much larger than that of glosseme“zhai(窄)”,but the evolution process of glosseme“zhai(窄)”is more stable.The development of the glosseme“kuan(宽)”starts from the hyponymic field[-lateral/bilateral]and the hyponymic field[+lateral/bilateral]shows the dependence on the[-lateral/bilateral]semantic field.The dominant lexeme has experienced the replacement of“guang(广)→kuo(阔)→guang(广)/kuan(宽)”.The development of the glosseme“zhai(窄)”starts from the hyponymic field[+lateral/bilateral],but the hyponymic field does not show the dependence,and the dominant lexeme is relatively stable,experiencing“xia(狭)→xia(狭)/zhai(窄)”.The evolution of the glosseme“kuan(宽)”and“zhai(窄)”is neither synchronous nor in the same mode.