残疾污名的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Disability Stigma

残疾污名是针对残疾人负面的刻板印象而引发的偏见和歧视,其消极影响渗透残疾人个人生活和社会参与的诸多方面。现有研究对其成因的解释越来越注重社会文化背景因素。公众污名和自我感知污名是污名测量的主要内容,使用的方法以外显态度测量和内隐社会认知方法为主。当下残疾污名干预的研究主要围绕增加群际接触来改变公众对残疾群体的偏见,采用积极心理干预改变个体自我认知,通过融合教育塑造包容、共享的社会文化三个方面来进行。未来研究可以围绕污名影响的保护机制、残疾人内化污名的差异、残疾污名测量的优化、污名干预效果的评估及干预方式的改进等方面进行。

Disability stigma is a prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities,its negative impact permeates many aspects of the personal life and social participation of people with disabilities.Researchers’interpretation of their causes is increasingly focused on socio-cultural background factors.Public stigma and self-perceived stigma are the main contents of stigma measurement,and the methods used are mainly attitude measurement and implicit social cognition methods.The current research on disability stigma intervention mainly focuses on increasing inter-group contact to get rid of the public’s prejudice against disability groups,positive psychological intervention to change individual self-cognition,and through inclusive education to shape three aspects of inclusive and shared social culture.Future research can focus on the protection mechanisms of stigma effects,the differences in internalized stigma of disabled people,the optimization of disability stigma measurement,the evaluation of stigma intervention effects,and the improvement of intervention methods.