吕剧的新生:新中国成立初期中央戏改政策的地方实践

New Life of Lv Opera:Local Practice of Central Opera Reform Policy in the Early Years of New China

在国家戏曲改革运动背景下,1951年吕剧凭借最年轻、流行最广、最受群众欢迎等优势成为山东省戏改首个重点研究对象。经过“改戏”“改人”“改制”,以现代戏《李二嫂改嫁》为代表的吕剧在20世纪50年代中期不仅成为国家地方戏发展的榜样,而且承载起发展成为山东代表性剧种——鲁剧的文艺期许。在戏改过程中,吕剧和鲁剧的关系经历了20世纪50年代彼此独立、1960年吕剧成为创造鲁剧的基础、1961年吕剧成为鲁剧之一三个阶段。吕剧改革过程是新中国成立初期山东省对中央戏改政策的地方实践。

Under the background of the national opera reform movement,Lv opera became the first key research object of opera reform in Shandong Province in 1951 for its advantages of being the youngest and the most popular.After"changing the drama","changing people"and"restructuring",Lv opera,represented by the modern drama"Li Ersao s Remarriage",became not only a model for the development of local operas in the mid-1950s,but also carried the literary expectation of becoming the representative opera in Shandong——Lu opera.In the process of opera reform,the relationship between Lv opera and Lu opera experienced three dynamic stages:independence in the 1950s,Lv opera becoming the basis for the creation of Lu opera in 1960,and Lv opera becoming a type of Lu opera in 1961.The reform process of Lv opera was the local practice of the central opera reform policy in Shandong Province in the early years of New China.