饲料添加海水螺旋藻对凡纳滨对虾生长、营养和相关免疫因子的影响

Effects of seawater Spirulina platensis in diet on growth, nutrition and immune factors of Penaeus Vannamei

海水螺旋藻营养价值丰富,在水产养殖中具有潜在的应用价值,文章主要探究饲料中添加不同比例的海水螺旋藻粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、营养成分和非特异性免疫指标的影响,研究结果为海水螺旋藻的饲料添加剂应用提供参考。在基础饲料中添加不同比例的海水螺旋藻粉(0%、0.7%、2.1%、3.5%和5.0%),饲喂凡纳滨对虾56 d后,测定其生长性能、肌肉中营养成分及肝胰脏中碱性磷酸酶(APK)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、溶菌酶(LYZ)和酚氧化酶(PO)的活力。结果表明,饲料中高含量添加海水螺旋藻(5.0%)显著提高凡纳滨对虾的生长性能(P<0.05),饲料中添加海水螺旋藻对凡纳滨对虾的粗脂肪含量无明显影响(P>0.05),但可以显著提高其肌肉中粗蛋白含量(P<0.05),高含量添加海水螺旋藻(5.0%)显著提高凡纳滨对虾肌肉中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量(P<0.05),饲料添加海水螺旋藻粉可以显著提高凡纳滨对虾APK和LYZ的活力(P<0.05),随添加量的增加呈上升趋势,对PO、SOD和GSH-Px活力也有一定的提高,但无明显的规律。饲料中添加一定比例的海水螺旋藻可以提高凡纳滨对虾的非特异免疫力,并增加凡纳滨对虾的营养价值(粗蛋白、EPA和DHA),因此螺旋藻粉可以作为一种对虾饲料添加剂进行应用。

Seawater Spirulina platensis is rich in nutritional value and has potential application value in aquaculture. This paper mainly explores the effects of adding different proportions of seawater Spirulina powder on the growth, nutrient composition and non-specific immune index of Penaeus vannamei.The results provide a reference for the application of feed additives for seawater spirulina. Fed with feeds containing different levels of seawater S.platensis(0%, 0.7%, 2.1%, 3.5%, and 5.0%) for 56 days, the growth, muscle nutrients, and immune factors including alkaline phosphatase(APK), glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase(SOD), lysozyme(LYZ) and phenoloxidase(PO) in hepatopancreas were measured. The results showed that: The high content of seawater S. platensis(5.0%) significantly improved the growth performance of P. vannamei(P<0.05);There were no significant effect on the crude fat content of P. vannamei(P>0.05), significantly increased the content of crude protein in muscle(P<0.05), and the high content of seawater S. platensis(5.0%) significantly improved the content of eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) in muscle(P<0.05);Addind seawater S. platensis could significantly increase the activity of AKP, GSH-Px, SOD, LYZ and PO in P. vannamei(P<0.05). Adding a certain proportion of seawater S. platensis to the feed can increase the non-specific immunity of P. vannamei, thereby increasing the nutritional value(crude protein, EPA and DHA) of P. vannamei. Therefore, seawater spirulina powder can be used as a shrimp feed additive.