古代琴论经典文本的分析与研究——张岱琴学“生鲜之气”理论的现代阐释

Analysis of Classical Texts on Ancient Qin Theory:Contemporary Interpretation of Zhang Dai's Theory of"Fresh Qi"

明清鼎革之际的文史家和艺术理论家张岱,在古琴演奏艺术的批评中,丰富和深化了“气”范畴的意义内涵,提出了“生鲜之气”说。“生鲜之气”说以“得手应心”为旨归,以“纯熟”“淘洗”“脱化”为路径,不仅阐明了音乐表演艺术的一般原理,且强调了生命与艺术高度的同一性。不仅于此,张岱还将“生鲜之气”作为涵盖整个传统艺术场域的审美范畴加以论述,试图藉此消解各艺术门类间审美认识上的暌离,从技术、艺术、学术三个向度,透射出其在当代艺术理论话语建构中的借鉴价值。

Zhang Dai,a literary historian and art theorist during the period of the Ming and Qing dynasties,enriched and deepened the meaning of"qi"in his criticism of guqin performance.He put forward the theory of"fresh qi"with the aim of de shou ying xin(getting the hand to respond to the heart)and the process of"being proficient","elutriating"and"transforming".It not only illustrates the general principle of music performance»but also emphasizes the identity of life and art.In addition,Zhang Dai discussed"fresh qi"as an aesthetic in Chinese traditional art,trying to resolve the different aesthetic understanding among various art categories and to convey its reference value in the construction of contemporary art theory discourse from the three aspects of technology,art and scholarship.