“政策工具·三螺旋”二维分析框架下的职业教育1+X证书制度研究——基于《关于在院校实施“学历证书+若干职业技能等级证书”制度试点方案》的文本分析

Research on 1+X Certificate System of Vocational Education under the"Policy Tools with Three Helices"Two-dimensional Analysis Framework:Based on the"Pilot Program on Implementing the System of'Academic Certificate+Certain Vocational Skill Level Certificate'in Vocational Colleges and Schools"

基于政策工具理论与三螺旋理论构建出二维政策分析框架,对《关于在院校实施“学历证书+若干职业技能等级证书”制度试点方案》的政策文本进行内容编码、归类整理和数据统计发现,职业教育1+X证书制度的政策工具使用频率的分布明显不均衡。供给型政策工具使用过溢,内部结构明显失衡;环境型政策工具的配置比例与内部结构均比较合理;需求型政策工具相对欠缺,内部结构差距悬殊;国家对体系建设、多元参与和人才培养的关注较多,却忽视了态度立场的引领与财政支持的保障。未来应适当缩减供给型政策工具的使用频率,协调不同政策工具的分布比例,发挥需求型政策工具的拉动作用和环境型政策工具的调控作用,实现不同政策工具内部结构的均衡化发展。同时,也要为职业教育发展提供思想指引和财政支撑。

Based on the policy tool theory and triple helix theory,the content of"Pilot Program on Implementing the System of'Academic Certificate+Certain Vocational Skill Level Certificate'in Vocational Colleges and Schools"was analyzed from the two-dimensional policy analysis framework.The result showed that:The frequency distribution of the use of policy tools of"vocational education 1+X certificate system"is obviously unbalanced.The demand-oriented policy tools are relatively deficient,and the internal structure gap is wide.The proportion and internal structure of environmental policy tools are reasonable.The state pays more attention to system construction,multi-participation and talent training,but ignores the guidance of attitude and position and the guarantee of financial support.In the future,we should appropriately reduce the use frequency of supplyoriented policy tools,coordinate the distribution proportion of different policy tools,give full play to the pulling role of demand-oriented policy tools and the regulatory role of environmental policy tools,realize the balanced development of the internal structure of different policy tools,and provide ideological guidance and financial support for the development of vocational education.