中医药防治肾移植术后并发症研究进展

Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Prevention and Treatment of Complications after Kidney Transplantation

正常人体拥有一对位于腹膜后肾脏,它们作为人体重要的脏器承担着重要的功能:排泄功能、调节水和电解质的平衡功能、调节体液渗透压功能、内分泌功能、糖异生功能。一旦人体因为结石、肿瘤、急慢性肾病、外伤等各种因素导致双肾功能衰竭或肾脏丢失,目前能够有效挽救生命的方法常见为腹膜透析、血液透析、肾脏移植3种方法[1-2]。透析和肾移植各有利弊,不可一概而论。腹膜透析容易导致低蛋白血症、腹腔感染、透析管阻塞、脐疝、腹膜硬化等并发症。而血液透析容易并发多种心脑血管疾病、部分通道难以建立。很多病患认为肾移植可以相对更好改善生活质量,然而肾移植手术亦非完美[3-4]。肾移植术后患者需要面临很多问题:器官的排异反应、免疫力低下导致的感染、排异药物的毒副作用、一定的经济压力、移植肾的功能和存活率、心理预期等。我国一批批从事科研和临床的医药人员苦心钻研力求改变,他们认为中医药在肾移植术后具有一定的价值。相较于单纯的使用西医西药,结合中医药确实可以改善肾功能、减少并发症、延长移植肾存活年限。

Normal human body has a pair of retroperitoneal kidneys, which play an important role as an important organ of the human body: excretion function, regulation of water and electrolyte balance function, regulation of body fluid osmotic pressure function,endocrine function, and gluconeogenesis. Once the human body causes kidney failure or kidney loss due to various factors such as stones, tumors, acute and chronic kidney disease, trauma, etc., the current methods that can effectively save lives are usually three methods: peritoneal dialysis, hemodialysis, and kidney transplantation. Dialysis and kidney transplantation have advantages and disadvantages and cannot be generalized. Peritoneal dialysis can lead to complications such as hypoproteinemia, abdominal infection,sneak attack tube obstruction, umbilical hernia, and peritoneal sclerosis. Hemodialysis is easy to develop a variety of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and some channels are difficult to establish. Many patients believe that kidney transplantation can improve their quality of life relatively better, but kidney transplant surgery is not perfect. Patients after kidney transplantation need to face many problems: rejection of organs, infection caused by low immunity, toxic side effects of drugs, certain economic pressure, function and survival rate of transplanted kidneys, and psychological expectations. A group of medical personnel engaged in scientific research and clinical research in China have made great efforts to change. They believe that the motherland medicine has certain value after kidney transplantation. Compared with the simple use of Western medicine, combined with the motherland medicine can indeed improve kidney function, reduce complications, and prolong the life of transplanted kidney.