上海绿地和农田生态系统陆生繁殖鸟类群落稳定性研究

Analyzing Community Stability of Terrestrial Breeding Birds in Greenspaces and Agricultural Ecosystems in Shanghai

超大型城市具有多样的城市化梯度,是研究人为干扰与生物多样性关系的典型“样地”。上海城市化进程形成了以绿地生态系统和农田生态系统为主的陆生鸟类群落格局,选择上海滨江、海湾和佘山3个典型森林公园以及崇明陈家镇、港西镇和庙镇3个典型农田样地,阐明人为干扰对陆生繁殖鸟类稳定性的影响。结果表明,2016—2018年上海绿地和农田陆生繁殖鸟类群落结构稳定,密度呈稳定增长趋势,上海绿地陆生繁殖鸟类种群密度显著低于农田区域。上海绿地和农田生态系统中9种鸟类集团呈现不同分布格局,繁殖鸟类群落变异性指数与人为干扰强度变化量呈显著正相关,杂食鸟类相比其他鸟类集团对人为干扰具有较高容忍度。通过改造城市公园局部生境和改变生产模式,可以有效增加鸟类多样性。

Megacities(or metropolises)have diverse urbanization gradients,and are typical research sites to study the relationships between human disturbance and biodiversity.During the urbanization process in Shanghai,urban greenspaces and farmlands become the dominant ecosystems,altering terrestrial bird communities.This study selected three typical forest parks(Binjiang,Haiwan,and Sheshan)and three farmlands in Chongming(Chenjiazhen,Gangxizhen,and Miaozhen)as research sites to assess the effects of human disturbance on community stability of terrestrial breeding birds.The results show that the community structure of terrestrial breeding birds in greenspaces and farmlands in Shanghai was stable from 2016 to 2018.The density of breeding birds increased steadily during the study period.Greenspaces have significant lower density of terrestrial breeding birds than farmlands.Nine groups of bird guilds have different distribution patterns between greenspaces and agricultural ecosystems.Variability index of breeding bird communities is positively related to the intensity of human disturbance.Omnivorous birds are more tolerant of human disturbance than other guilds.Bird diversity could be increased effectively by improving local habitats of urban parks and changing production patterns.